Convex Mirror Ray Diagrams

Convex Mirror

Ray diagrams are constructed by taking the path of three distinct rays from a point on the object:
X) a ray parallel to the principal axis reflected through F (the principal focus)
Y) a ray passing through C which is then reflected back along its original path
Z) a ray passing through F, which is then reflected parallel to the principal axis

Click on the diagram to play!

Concave Mirror Ray Diagrams

Concave Mirror

Ray diagrams are constructed by taking the path of three distinct rays from a point on the object:


X) a ray parallel to the principal axis reflected through F (the principal focus)

Y) a ray passing through C which is then reflected back along its original path
Z) a ray passing through F, which is then reflected parallel to the principal axis

Click on the diagram below to play!

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Object's position (S), focal point (F)	Image	Diagram
S < F (Object between focal point and mirror)	Virtual Upright Magnified (larger)
S = F (Object at focal point)	Reflected rays are parallel and never meet, so no image is formed. In the limit where S approaches F, the image distance approaches infinity, and the image can be either real or virtual and either upright or inverted depending on whether S approaches F from above or below.
F < S < 2F (Object between focus and centre of curvature)	Real Inverted (vertically) Magnified (larger)
S = 2F (Object at centre of curvature)	Real Inverted (vertically) Same size Image formed at centre of curvature
S > 2F (Object beyond centre of curvature)	Real Inverted (vertically) Reduced (diminished/smaller) As the distance of the object increases, the imageasymptoticallyapproaches the focal point In the limit where S approaches infinity, the image size approaches zero as the image approaches F

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Introduction to Curved Mirror

Concave Mirror



Convex Mirror

• Principal axis is the line through the centre of curvature and the pole of the mirror.
• Pole is the point where principal axis meets with mirror surface.
• Centre of curvature is the centre of sphere that the mirror forms part.
• Radius of curvature (r) is the radius of sphere.
• Principal focus is the point to which all rays parallel to the principal axis converge or from which they appear diverge.
• Focal length (f) is the distance between the pole and the principal focus.

• Parallel reflected rays converge at focal point.
• Real focus since the reflected rays actually pass through it.

• Parallel reflected rays appear to diverge from focal point.
• Virtual focus since the reflected rays do not pass through it.

Reflection of Light on Plane Mirror

• Reflection involves a change in direction of the light ray. 
• The ray of light approaching the mirror is known as incident ray. 
• The light ray that leaves the mirror is known as reflected ray. 
• The angle of incidence is the angle between normal line and the incident ray.
• The angle of reflection is the angle between normal line and the reflected ray. 

If the reflecting surface is very smooth, the reflection of light that occurs is called specular or regular reflection. The laws of reflection are as follows:

• The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the reflection surface at the point of the incidence lie in the same plane. 
• The angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection. 
• The reflected ray and the incident ray are on the opposite sides of the normal.

Ray Diagram

Characteristic of image formed

1. Virtual
2. Upright
3. Laterally inverted
4. Same size as the object
5. As far behind the mirror as the object is in front of it.

Uses of ray diagramSix students - Al, Bo, Cy, Di, Ed, and Fred sit in front of a plane mirror and attempt to see each other in the mirror. Whom can Al see?

Al could see any student positioned between Ed and Fred by looking at any other positions along the mirror. However in this case, there are no other students between Ed and Fred; thus, Ed and Fred are the only students whom Al can see.

Trying new things today

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